The Divine Legacy: Kazakh Women in Mythology and Modern Life
International Women’s Day, celebrated on March 8, holds great significance in Kazakhstan as a time to honor female deities and recognize the important roles women play in society. One such iconic figure in Kazakh mythology is Umai, known as the protector of children.
In the traditional worldview of Turkic nations, Umai represents the feminine aspect and is considered one of the primary deities in Kazakh mythology, alongside Tengri, the god of heaven. Despite rare references in remaining folklore, Umai is described in various roles, including as a protective and nurturing figure.
Kazakh mythology researcher and writer Zira Nauryzbai notes that Umai’s presence is primarily found in ethnographic recordings where midwives refer to ‘the hands of mother Mai – Mai-ana’ during childbirth. The similarities between Mai and Umai suggest a linguistic connection, with the Kazakh word ‘mai’ conveying meanings of prosperity, well-being, and wealth.
Various ceremonies in Kazakhstan, such as weddings and childbirth rituals, invoke the name of Umai, highlighting her significance in safeguarding women in labor and protecting children. Umai is seen as a universal mother figure with an understanding of infants’ language, symbolizing nurturing and care for young lives.
In Kazakh mythology, Umai is depicted as a celestial goddess associated with the sun and fire, embodying both creation and destruction. Nauryzbai explains that while earth-related feminine energy is common in other cultures, Umai’s celestial attributes reflect the pastoralist nature of Kazakh society.
When considering the relevance of ancient mythological figures like Umai in modern times, Nauryzbai suggests that the archetype of the mother goddess can offer support in child upbringing and psychological development. Revitalizing traditions associated with Umai could provide significant assistance to young mothers and families in today’s society.
As Kazakhstan celebrates International Women’s Day, the honor and respect for female deities like Umai continue to serve as a reminder of the important roles women have played throughout history and their ongoing significance in society.
