Nuclear Industry: A Catalyst for Technological Innovation
The Future of Nuclear Energy in Kazakhstan: Integrating Science and Technology
In a significant address on the eve of Science Day, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev underscored the pivotal role that scientific advancement plays in the evolution of Kazakhstan’s nuclear industry. He highlighted the urgent need for a synthesis of scientific expertise to create a robust foundation capable of propelling all sectors of research—fundamental and applied.
For years, Kazakhstan has been discussing the necessity of moving away from a heavy reliance on raw materials, advocating for a more evolved production landscape. The initiative to construct a nuclear power plant marks a concrete step toward establishing a high-technology, knowledge-intensive industry. This endeavor is anticipated to catalyze advancements in science and engineering across the board.
Historically, countries that now dominate the nuclear energy sector—such as the United States, Russia, China, and several European nations—have adopted similar strategies. Yet, the experience of various nations also serves as a cautionary tale; following the establishment of their nuclear facilities, they often faced external challenges needing immediate resolution to ensure operational stability.
Kazakhstan’s history with nuclear energy is marked by a blend of advantages and challenges. Through various geopolitical circumstances, the country has developed essential infrastructure and technological know-how, exemplified by the National Nuclear Center in Kurchatov, the Mangystau Nuclear Power Plant Complex in Aktau, and the Institute of Nuclear Physics. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that much of the scientific groundwork has roots outside Kazakhstan; many of the challenges in nuclear physics and high-energy science were addressed abroad.
Today, fundamental research in fields like space science and high-energy physics ranks among the world’s most advanced, with knowledge generated being accessible to professionals in those fields. This research increasingly employs cutting-edge tools from mathematics and computer science—including artificial intelligence and big data analytics.
For Kazakhstan, cultivating internal expertise in nuclear energy emerges as a crucial step toward establishing a sustainable scientific and engineering ecosystem around nuclear power plants. It is imperative that the nation invests in fundamental scientific research to ensure a cadre of qualified experts who can evaluate and adapt scientific advancements to local needs.
As nations globally grapple with carbon emissions, nuclear energy stands out as a pivotal player in sustainable development. In selecting technology partners for operating nuclear facilities, Kazakhstan must prioritize understanding its capacity to absorb and leverage new technologies over purely cost considerations. This involves analyzing readiness across scientific, technical, and human dimensions.
To draw an analogy, while many use smartphones and other electronic devices without understanding their inner workings, expertise is crucial for safety and functionality in nuclear technology. Kazakhstan’s journey in nuclear energy cannot replicate mere consumer behavior; proactive measures must be taken to foster expertise and comprehensive understanding.
With time on its side, Kazakhstan has the opportunity to prepare comprehensively for the anticipated nuclear plant construction. This preparation should focus on bolstering national expertise, training skilled personnel, and developing scientific disciplines that provide critical insights into the power sector.
Nuclear energy represents more than a mere energy source; it is an intricate amalgamation of automated control systems and advanced technology that requires thorough oversight. Establishing comprehensive management and control systems is vital to ensure the safe operation of nuclear facilities.
Kazakhstan faces the challenge of developing a culture of industrial and scientific expertise surrounding nuclear energy. Without a strong foundation in basic scientific principles, the nation risks jeopardizing the stability of its entire economic system. Lessons from historical accidents, such as Chernobyl, serve to illustrate the necessity of engaging experts from diverse scientific domains to mitigate the fallout from unforeseen events.
As we look to the future, Kazakhstan stands at a crossroads where advancing fundamental science and technology could yield transformative benefits for the nation. The state must allocate resources for systematic, long-term investments in foundational research.
Universities and research institutions should foster communities of innovation that transcend borders, nurturing future generations of scientists and professionals. The creation of specialized centers that converge expertise across disciplines will be critical in equipping the next wave of industry leaders.
In an era marked by shifting global dynamics, where prioritizing national interests and societal stability has become paramount, Kazakhstan’s strategic focus on science, particularly in the context of nuclear energy, could position it as a leader in sustainable development.
Kanat Baigarin is the Chief Officer for Sustainable Development at Nazarbayev University.
