The Kumyk Turks: A Prominent Ethnic Group in the Caucasus
Exploring the Rich History of the Kumuk Turks
In the vast world of the Turks, our journey this week takes us to the Kumuk Turks, one of the most populous Turkish tribes in the Caucasus after the Azerbaijani Turks.
The Kumuk Turks, primarily residing in the Dagestan Autonomous Republic of Russia with some in Chechen and Ossetian Autonomous Republics, have a fascinating history that dates back centuries. Prof. Dr. Çetin Pekacar from Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University sheds light on the identity, language, and heritage of the Kumuk Turks.
It is revealed that during the Tsarist Russia’s invasion of the North Caucasus, especially after the capture of Sheikh Shamil, some Kumyk Turks sought refuge in the Ottoman Empire. Today, traces of Kumuk Turks can be found in Tokat and Sivas in Turkey.
According to Prof. Dr. Çetin Pekacar, the Kumyk Turks have been a prominent group in the region since the 11th century. They are believed to be the indigenous people of the Kumyk plain in the North Caucasus and the mountainous part of Dagestan. The Kumyks are even credited as the founders of the Khazar State, with historical ties dating back centuries.
Despite various hypotheses suggesting the Turkification of Caucasian tribes, the Kumyks’ language, literature, religion, and lifestyle point towards their authentic Turkish heritage. Prof. Dr. Çetin Pekacar emphasizes that the Kumyks are a true Turkish nation.
The Kumyk Turks showcased their valor by resisting Russian invasions for centuries until the capture of Sheikh Shamil in 1859. Their struggles for freedom and independence continued through various tumultuous periods, including the collapse of the Russian Tsardom.
One of the key moments in Kumyk history was the declaration of independence with the support of the Ottoman Empire in 1918. The Caucasus Islamic Army, established under the leadership of Enver Pasha, played a crucial role in liberating regions like Baku and Dagestan from Russian occupation.
However, the Kumyk Turks faced oppression and massacres at the hands of Armenians in Dagestan, highlighting the challenges they endured. Despite the hardships, the Kumyk Turks remained resilient, with their language even accepted as a unifying force in national congresses of North Caucasus tribes.
The journey of the Kumuk Turks continues to evolve, with their literature, language, and culture adapting through various historical changes. From Ottoman Turkish to modern alphabets, the Kumyk Turks have preserved their identity while embracing new forms of expression.
As we delve deeper into the history of the Kumuk Turks, their enduring legacy serves as a testament to their strength, perseverance, and rich cultural heritage.
