Uncertain Funding Hampers Replacement of Budapest’s Iconic Metro Line Trains
The trains of the Millennium Underground in Budapest are facing a critical juncture as they reach an age where replacement is not only economically justified but also necessary for passenger safety. With the majority of the current rolling stock over 50 years old, and approaching 60, the sustainability and safety risks are increasing. While BKV asserts that they have all necessary licenses, the escalating maintenance costs and technical issues are raising concerns.
One of the major challenges in replacing the vehicles is securing the financial resources. The hope lies in the HUF 320 billion (EUR 802 million) promised by the Orbán government for the Rákosrendező project. However, the uncertainty looms as the related sales contract remains unsigned. If state funding falls through, the only option left is to borrow money, a move that requires government approval.
Time is of the essence as the provisional type-approval for new vehicles is set to expire in May 2025. Delays in permits and manufacturing could push the project further behind schedule. The estimated cost for new trains designed for the M1 tunnel is around HUF 1.9 billion (EUR 4.76 million) each, with at least 22 trains needed. The total project cost, including maintenance equipment and track renewal, is projected to reach HUF 45.4 billion (EUR 113.8 million).
In the absence of public funding, Budapest has secured permission to borrow HUF 79.2 billion (EUR 198.5 million) from the European Investment Bank. BKV aims to recover costs through energy efficiency investments, but the replacement of underground vehicles remains the biggest expense.
BKV is also contemplating an extension of the subway line to Kassai Square and Marcheggi Bridge, adding six new stations and five additional trains. The new vehicles would be more modern, accommodating more passengers.
The coming months are crucial for Budapest’s transport system, as the aging trains near the end of their lifespan. Prompt action is needed to secure funding and initiate the procurement process to prevent further delays and ensure the iconic transport system remains a vital part of the city’s infrastructure.
