Different treatment approaches may be necessary for breast cancer
Breast Cancer Treatment: Understanding the Need for Different Approaches
Successfully treating breast cancer requires a comprehensive understanding of the disease and its complexities. As breast cancer is made up of various types of cancer cells, different treatments may be necessary to effectively eliminate the cancer cells.
Breast cancer develops when the cells in normal breast tissue multiply uncontrollably, resulting in the formation of a tumor. As the tumor grows, different types of breast cancer cells continue to form within the same cancer mass. This diversity of cells within a cancer is referred to as “tumor heterogeneity.” Each cancer has its own unique genetic identity, created by the DNA in its cells. Therefore, even two patients with similar characteristics and medical histories will likely have different cancers.
Due to the differences in cancer cells, it is essential to tailor treatment plans to each individual. The type, size, stage, and grade of the cancer, as well as hormone sensitivity, are important factors in determining the appropriate treatment approach. Additionally, the patient’s overall health and preferences should be taken into account when creating a treatment plan.
In recent years, significant advancements have been made in breast cancer treatment options. These advancements have led to personalized treatments that are tailored to the patient’s characteristics and specific cancer type. However, with an array of possibilities, making decisions regarding treatment options can be challenging and confusing for patients.
To navigate through this process, it is crucial to establish a strong doctor-patient relationship with a trusted healthcare professional who will guide and support throughout the treatment journey. This typically involves a team of experts, including a breast surgeon, medical oncologist, radiation oncologist, plastic surgeon, and genetic counselor, working collaboratively to develop the most suitable treatment plan. The primary responsibility of coordinating and guiding the patient falls on the breast surgeon.
Surgical treatment is often the initial approach for breast cancer. The patient, in consultation with the breast surgeon, can choose between different surgical options. The two main surgical treatments are mastectomy (complete removal of the breast) and breast-conserving surgery (lumpectomy) followed by radiation therapy.
Lumpectomy, also known as breast-conserving surgery or wide local excision, involves removing the cancer mass along with a small amount of surrounding healthy breast tissue. Mastectomy, on the other hand, involves the complete removal of all breast tissue. Depending on whether the axillary lymph nodes are removed during the surgery, mastectomy can be classified as modified radical mastectomy or simple mastectomy.
Newer mastectomy techniques, such as skin-sparing mastectomy and nipple-sparing mastectomy, have also been developed to improve breast appearance and allow for reconstructive treatments in selected cases.
During both lumpectomy and mastectomy, a sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary lymph node dissection is performed to determine if the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is a less invasive procedure that offers reliable information about the spread of cancer. If cancer is found in the sentinel lymph nodes, it may be necessary to remove additional lymph nodes in the armpit.
Understanding the different treatment options available for breast cancer is vital for patients and their families. By working closely with healthcare professionals, individuals can make informed decisions about their treatment plans, ensuring the best possible outcome in their fight against breast cancer.
