Smoking leads to lung cancer
Tobacco Use Causes Lung Cancer: A Serious Health Problem
In a recent statement by the Kırıkkale Provincial Health Directorate, it has been emphasized that cancer is a major health issue and the second leading cause of death worldwide, following cardiovascular diseases. The statement highlighted the significant socioeconomic burden cancer imposes on societies.
According to the Turkey Cancer Statistics Report, lung cancer is the most common type of cancer in men in Turkey, while it ranks fifth among women. Tobacco use has been identified as the primary factor responsible for this type of cancer within society.
The statement also revealed that approximately 90 percent of lung cancers are caused by the use of tobacco and tobacco products. Consequently, it is estimated that up to 90 percent of lung cancers can be prevented by preventing smoking. Other risk factors for lung cancer include exposure to second-hand smoke, a family history of lung cancer, certain vitamins, exposure to chemicals such as radon and asbestos, industrial exposure to products like arsenic, radiation exposure, some organic chemicals, air pollution, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. While some of these factors are avoidable, such as tobacco use, others, like family history, are unchangeable risk factors.
The World Lung Cancer 2023 Report, published by the Health Organization, highlights the importance of including primary and secondary prevention measures in lung cancer prevention programs. Consequently, efforts are being made to implement a “Lung Cancer Screening Program” in Turkey. The best way to reduce the risk of lung cancer remains to avoid smoking and second-hand smoke.
Regarding the symptoms, it is mentioned that it often takes several years for lung cancer symptoms to develop, and the disease may go unnoticed until it reaches an advanced stage. Common symptoms include a persistent or worsening cough, coughing up blood or bloody sputum, chest pain, loss of appetite, weakness, fatigue and weight loss, hoarseness, shortness of breath, and recurring or persistent bronchitis and lung infections.
Diagnostic methods for lung cancer include physical examination, imaging (such as chest x-rays, CT scans, and MRIs), bronchoscopy (examining the lung using a thin tube), and tissue sampling (biopsy) for histopathology. Molecular testing is also important to identify specific genetic mutations or biomarkers that guide the definition of the specific subtype and the best treatment option. Following diagnosis, additional tests are performed to determine if cancer cells have spread to other parts of the body.
Treatment for lung cancer is based on multiple factors, including the location and stage of the disease, the age of the patient, and the presence of any other health conditions. It typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, including surgery, targeted therapies, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.
In conclusion, lung cancer is a significant health problem globally and in Turkey. Tobacco use remains the primary cause of lung cancer, and implementing prevention programs and encouraging individuals to quit smoking are crucial steps in reducing its prevalence. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment options are vital for improving the prognosis and quality of life for lung cancer patients.
